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KMID : 1156220190450050405
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Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
2019 Volume.45 No. 5 p.405 ~ p.425
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Methodologies for Inhalation Exposure Assessment of Engineered Nanomaterial-containing Consumer Spray Product
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Park Ji-Hoon
Park Mi-Jin
Yoon Chung-Sik
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Abstract
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Objective: This study aimed to review the methodologies for evaluation of consumer spray products containing engineered nanomaterials (ENM), particularly focusing on inhalation exposure.
Method: Literature on the evaluation methods for aerosolized ENM exposure from consumer spray products were collected through academic web searching. Common methodologies used in the literature, including research reports and academic articles, were also introduced.
Results: The number of ENM-containing products have shown a considerable increase over recent years, from 54 in 2005 to 1,827 in 2018. Currently there is still discussion over the existing regulations with regard to product safety. Analysis of both ENM suspensions in the products and their aerosols is important for risk assessment. Comparison between the phases suggests how the size and concentration of particles change during the spray process. To analyze the ENM suspensions, dynamic light scattering, electron microscopy techniques, and inductively coupled plasma with mass spectrometry were used. In the aerosol monitoring, direct-reading instruments have been used to monitor the aerosols and conventional active sampling is used together to supplement the lack of real-time monitoring. There are also some models for estimating inhalation exposure.
These models may be used to estimate mass exposure to nanomaterials contained in consumer products.
Conclusion: Although there is no standardized method to evaluate ENM exposure from consumer products, many concerns about ENM have emerged. Every potential measure to reduce exposure to ENM from spray product use should be implemented through a precautionary recognition.
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KEYWORD
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Aerosol, nanomaterial, consumer product, exposure, modeling, spray
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